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Personal hygiene refers to set of individual practices and conditions that help maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases. Maintaining personal hygiene is important for social health, physical health and psychosocial health. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge and reported practices of school going children regarding personal hygiene with a view to develop an information booklet. The study adopted cross sectional design to collect data from 410 school going children in rural villages of Haldwani block, Uttarakhand. The children were recruited via convenient sampling technique. It was found that majority (n=230, 56.09%) school going children had moderate knowledge of personal hygiene. The overall practices of children were found to be appropriate for 366 (89.51%) children. Regarding knowledge and hygienic practices, mother' s education plays vital role for school going children. Also, teachers with parents can play a pivotal role in providing health education regarding personal hygiene from early stage of childhood itself for longevity and to protect from illnesses.
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Abstract Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of a children's soap with physiological pH in maintaining cutaneous pH and moisture of the newborn (NB)'s skin after the first bath. Methods: Randomized, controlled and double-blind clinical trial in a rooming-in of a tertiary maternity hospital in southern Brazil with 204 newborns > 34 gestational weeks. Gestational and obstetric history was evaluated, and newborns were randomized into two groups according to the product applied in the bath: the control group (CG), which used common liquid soap with pH 7.0 and experimental group (EG), which used children's liquid soap with pH 5.8. Evaluation was made immediately before and after bath with skin pH measurement, corneometry and clinical parameters (erythema, scaling and moisture), on the forehead, abdomen and thigh. Results: There was no difference between groups regarding gestational, obstetric and family history (p > 0.05). In CG, skin pH increased in the abdomen and thigh (p < 0.05). In EG there was an improvement in clinical parameters after bathing with: increased moisture, less erythema and less scaling (p < 0.05). On the forehead, there was a significant increase in pH after bathing (p < 0.001) similar in both groups, although no use of soap. There was no difference in corneometry between groups after bathing. Conclusions: Children's liquid soap with physiological pH maintained the acidic skin pH and moisture of the newborn's skin after the first bath, which reinforces the importance of using products with physiological pH in the hygiene of newborns. Registration number RBR-9ky84vd.
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Background:Children who possess a goodknowledge and practice of personal hygiene measures such as hand washing have lower incidence of communicable diseases. This study was done to assess the status of personal hygiene and the morbidity pattern among the children of a government school.Material & Methods:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 3rd and 6th standard students of a government school situated at Liluah, Howrah district of West Bengal, India over a period of 2 weeks in August, 2017with the help of a questionnaire. Results of the study wereanalysed with relevant statisticalmethods.Results:The importance of hand washingwith soap after defecation and before meals was known to 100% and 98% students respectively, however was practised by 98% and 76% students respectively. There is significant association between knowledge and practice of hand washingwith soap after meals (P value 0.04146). Brushingteeth, washing feet and taking daily bath (80.77%) are the most common practices. Most common morbidities were fever with cough (17.3%), worm infestation (13.5%) and dental caries.Conclusion:Personal hygiene practices like hand washing, trimming nails regularly, etc can reduce the incidence of many preventable diseases among children, leading them to a healthy life.
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Background:Children who possess a goodknowledge and practice of personal hygiene measures such as hand washing have lower incidence of communicable diseases. This study was done to assess the status of personal hygiene and the morbidity pattern among the children of a government school.Material & Methods:A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 3rd and 6th standard students of a government school situated at Liluah, Howrah district of West Bengal, India over a period of 2 weeks in August, 2017with the help of a questionnaire. Results of the study wereanalysed with relevant statisticalmethods.Results:The importance of hand washingwith soap after defecation and before meals was known to 100% and 98% students respectively, however was practised by 98% and 76% students respectively. There is significant association between knowledge and practice of hand washingwith soap after meals (P value 0.04146). Brushingteeth, washing feet and taking daily bath (80.77%) are the most common practices. Most common morbidities were feverwith cough (17.3%), worm infestation (13.5%) and dental caries.Conclusion:Personal hygiene practices like hand washing, trimming nails regularly, etc can reduce the incidence of many preventable diseases among children, leading them to a healthy life.
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Background. Street children are a real phenomenon in everyday life that cause complex social and health problems, dirty appearance, come from poor families, slum settlements or even street children do not have a place to live. The number of homeless people, beggars and street children has decreased, there were 990 street children and homeless people with beggars in Makassar City in 2012. There were 798 street children in Makassar City in 2016 who were recorded by Social Service officers from a number of points. Makassar road with various problems. This number includes 257 street children, 249 homeless and beggars, 58 buskers, 41 prostitutes, 5 transgender women, 63 drug users, and 125 mental disorders. The results of the observations of street children were found with traffic light and garbage disposal sites. These places are often found with dirty, dirty appearance, dirty clothes, smelly, unkempt hair, dirty hands, not wearing sandals and sometimes they eat without washing their hands, which can cause health problems for street children. Based on this background, the researcher is interested in examining the factors related to the personal hygiene of street children in the final waste disposal site in Manggala District, Makassar City. Material and Methods. The research is analytic observation using the Cross-Sectional study. The study was conducted in 21 October 2019 - 31 December 2019. The population was the patients with street children numbered 88 people, a purposive sampling technique was applied through chic square, uji continuity correction and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results. The results showed that the variables age, gender, education and knowledge had a relationship with personal hygiene (pvalue 0.035), the R-square value was 0.897, which means that the ability of the independent variable to explain the dependent variable was 89.7% and 10.3% explained. by factors other than variables. Conclusion. Knowledge variable has a significant effect on personal hygiene (pvalue <0.001), the magnitude of the influence is indicated by the value of Exp (B) 26.6, which means that street children who are knowledgeable are at least 26.6 times less likely to have personal hygiene than street children with good knowledge
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Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Poverty , Social Conditions , Social Problems , Health Education/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies/statistics & numerical data , Homeless Youth/educationABSTRACT
As esponjas de banho podem carrear contaminação, pois sua estrutura favorece a multiplicação microbiana. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficiência de dois métodos de desinfecção para diminuir a quantidade de microrganismos de importância clínica nas esponjas de banho. Foram analisadas 30 esponjas de banho (15 vegetais e 15 sintéticas) que foram cortadas em três partes iguais. Uma delas serviu como controle. As demais partes foram submetidas à desinfecção por fervura durante cinco minutos e à imersão em hipoclorito de sódio 200 ppm. Os resultados demonstraram média de contaminação de bactérias heterotróficas de 4,1 LogUFC/mL e 4,7 LogUFC/mL, para as vegetais e sintéticas, respectivamente. A maioria (80%) das esponjas (10 sintéticas e 14 vegetais) apresentou contaminação por microrganismos de importância clínica. Os métodos de desinfecção reduziram as contagens de bactérias heterotróficas em 3,3 LogUFC/mL com fervura durante cinco minutos e 1,8 LogUFC/mL com desinfecção em hipoclorito de sódio 200 ppm. Conclui-se, portanto, que as esponjas de banho possuem contaminação microbiológica de importância clínica e que a fervura por cinco minutos é um método de fácil execução, baixo custo e capaz de controlar a quantidade de bactérias nas esponjas utilizadas para banho, reduzindo a disseminação de doenças.
Bath sponges can carry contamination, because their structure favors microbial multiplication. Thus, the objective of this work was to verify the efficiency of two disinfection methods to decrease the number of microorganisms of clinical importance in bath sponges. Thirty bath sponges (15 loofah and 15 synthetic) were analyzed and cut in three equal parts. One served as control. The other parts were boiled disinfected for five minutes and immersed in 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite. The results showed a mean contamination of heterotrophic bacteria of 4.1 LogUFC/mL and 4.7 LogUFC/mL, for plants and synthetic, respectively. The majority (80%) of the sponges (10 synthetic and 14 loofah) presented contamination by microorganisms of clinical importance. Disinfection methods reduced the counts of heterotrophic bacteria by 3.3 LogUFC/mL with boiling for five minutes and 1.8 LogUFC/mL with disinfection with 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite. It is concluded, therefore, that bath sponges present microbiological contamination of clinical importance and that boiling for five minutes is an easily executed low-cost method that is able to control the amount of bacteria in sponges used for bathing, reducing the risk of dissemination of disease.
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Heterotrophic Bacteria , Disinfection/methods , Personal Hygiene Products , Sodium Hypochlorite , Disease Reservoirs , Disease Transmission, InfectiousABSTRACT
Background: The objective of the study was to find out the personal hygiene status among boys residing in social welfare hostels by class and age and type of hostel.Methods: Cross sectional study, analytical study, social welfare hostels in Tirupati town of Andhra Pradesh. Participants was 524 boys. Statistical analysis are percentages and Chi-square test.Results: The prevalence of scabies was found to be significantly higher in those children with poor personal hygiene (35.7%) compared to average level (18.8%) and good (14.4%) of personal hygiene. The prevalence of other specific morbid conditions was found to be similar in all the three levels of personal hygiene and the differences were not statistically significant.Conclusions: The prevalence of scabies was found to be significantly higher in those children with poor personal hygiene compared to average level and good of personal hygiene. In view of higher proportion of children with poor level of personal hygiene of children in scheduled tribe hostel, there is a need to sensitize and give health education on personal hygiene related diseases and take necessary preventive steps and supervision by hostel staff especially in scheduled tribe hostel. Hand washing with soap can protect about one out of every three young children.
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Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) which mainly attacks the skin and peripheral nerves. Indonesia is the third country with the most leprosy sufferers with 17,202 cases. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia reports that the cumulative number of leprosy cases in 2013 in Indonesia was 16,856 cases. Among them is multibacillary-type leprosy. Although Indonesia achieved national elimination of leprosy in June 2000, the number of leprosy sufferers in Indonesia is still quite high. The high number of multibacillary types shows epidemiological problems and serious clinical implications because patients with multibacillary-type leprosy are a source of leprosy transmission and have a higher risk of reaction and disability due to nerve damage. The spread of leprosy in Indonesia is caused by several factors, one of which is related to hygiene behavior related to skin hygiene, hand and nail hygiene, genital hygiene, clothing hygiene, towel hygiene, mattress and bed hygiene that do not meet health requirements.Methods: The objective of this study was to determine the correlation of personal hygiene and the level of transmission of leprosy in Central Jakarta. Primary data is quantitative data obtained directly from respondents through a questionnaire instrument. Presentation and analysis of data is performed through computer using the SPSS 22 for Windows program using statistical analysis. To find out the correlation between personal hygiene and the incidence of leprosy, Chi-Square analysis was used.Results: The analysis found that the p-value was 0.004< ?=0.05 which means that H1 is accepted. It is concluded that there is a significant correlation between personal hygiene and the incidence of leprosy in the Central Jakarta area in 2017.Conclusions: The correlation is that someone who has leprosy has poor personal hygiene. Meanwhile, someone who has good personal hygiene does not suffer from leprosy.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the hygiene practices and frequency of use of personal hygiene products, cosmetics, and sunscreen among children and adolescents. Methods: Cross-sectional study with interviews about skincare conducted with caregivers through closed-ended questions. We included patients up to 14 years of age waiting for consultation in pediatric outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis and applied the Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher's exact test to compare the practices according to maternal schooling. Results: We conducted 276 interviews. The median age of the participants was age four, and 150 (54.3%) were males. A total of 143 (51.8%) participants bathed once a day and 128 (46.3%) bathed two or more times a day, lasting up to ten minutes in 132 (47.8%) cases. Adult soap was used by 103 (37.3%) children and bar soap by 220 (79.7%). Fifty-three (19.2%) participants used sunscreen daily. Perfume was used by 182 (65.9%) children, hair gel by 98 (35.5%), nail polish by 62 (22.4%), and some type of make-up by 71 (25.7%) - eyeshadow by 30 (10.8%), lipstick by 52 (18.8%), face powder and mascara by 13 (4.7%). Make-up use started at a median age of 4 years. Henna tattoo was done in eight children. Conclusions: The children studied used unsuitable products for their skin, such as those intended for adults, used sunscreen inadequately, and started wearing make-up early, evidencing the need for medical orientation.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os hábitos de higiene e a frequência do uso de produtos de higiene pessoal, cosméticos e protetor solar nas crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal com entrevistas para cuidadores sobre cuidados com a pele, por meio de perguntas fechadas. Incluídos pacientes de até 14 anos que consultavam nos ambulatórios pediátricos de um hospital terciário. Realizada estatística descritiva e aplicados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e exato de Fisher para comparar os hábitos conforme a escolaridade materna. Resultados: Foram realizadas 276 entrevistas. A mediana de idade foi de 4 anos, sendo 150 (54,3%) crianças do sexo masculino. O número de banhos por dia foi de um em 143 (51,8%) casos e dois ou mais por parte de 128 (46,3%) indivíduos, com duração de até dez minutos em 132 (47,8%) dos participantes. O sabonete destinado a adultos era utilizado por 103 (37,3%) crianças e o sabonete em barra por 220 (79,7%) delas. Protetor solar era utilizado diariamente por 53 (19,2%) participantes. Perfume foi utilizado por 182 (65,9%) integrantes da amostra, gel de cabelo por 98 (35,5%), esmalte por 62 (22,4%) e algum tipo de maquiagem por 71 (25,7%) - sombra em 30 (10,8%), batom em 52 (18,8%), pó facial e rímel em 13 (4,7%). A mediana de idade de início do uso de maquiagem foi de 4 anos. Tatuagem de hena foi realizada em oito crianças. Conclusões: As crianças estudadas utilizavam produtos inadequados para a sua pele, como os destinados à pele do adulto, e faziam uso incorreto do protetor solar e uso precoce de maquiagem, mostrando a importância da orientação médica.
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Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Baths/statistics & numerical data , Hygiene , Parents , Soaps/administration & dosage , Sunscreening Agents/administration & dosage , Baths/adverse effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Age Factors , Cosmetics/administration & dosage , Cosmetics/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Background: A healthy childhood is essential for future growth and development. It is greatly influenced by parent, family, society and environment which formulate attitude, behavior, manner and emotions. Millions of children across the world are deprived of this crucial phase of life; those are the orphans and abandoned children.Methods: This institution-based cross sectional study was carried out with the help of pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire amongst 193 orphans aged 5-14 years to assess the personal hygienic practices and morbidities among orphans and to find out the association between the morbidity with personal hygiene and other risk factors.Results: The leading morbidities observed were poor oral hygiene (57.51%) as a morbidity followed by dental caries (50.58%) and pallor (30.57%). The average morbidity per child was found to be 2. There was significant association between ages, education, personal hygienic practices with the presence of morbidity in the orphans.Conclusions: Practices related to personal hygiene was not satisfactory. There was a significant association between morbidity and personal hygiene. Despite of the fact that these children are highly vulnerable; their health needs are poorly understood and ill served.
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Background: It is estimated that exposures in the workplace account for around one in ten cases respiratory morbidities in adulthood. Being a respiratory ailment, this group of disorders impairs the pulmonary functions. The objective of the study was to assess the work-related health hazards, personal hygiene and utilization of personal protective equipments among stone quarry workers in Wardha district in Maharashtra. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 348 subjects working in the stone quarries situated in Yelakeli, Deoli, Paloti, Pulgaon, Borgaon, Nachangaon in Wardha district in Maharashtra. Results: 114 (32.75%) of the people reportedly had respiratory problems, body ache was reported by 154 (44.2%), eye problem was reported by 66 (18.9%), fever was told by 13 people (3.7%), other problems (like hearing related, skin, GIT etc) reported were 14 (4.02%). Chi-square test was found to be non-significant. Conclusions: None of the workers had undergone pre-placement examination. Personal protective measures are rarely used by stone quarry workers
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Background: The level of personal hygiene has a strong bearing on preventive capacity for many diseases and hence the assessment of its level assumes great significance. The school being a strong base for hygienic practices, the present study aimed to assess the level of personal hygiene and its associated factors as well as its effect on morbidity level of school children in a rural belt of southern Rajasthan.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 students studying in classes VIII to XII in 3 different schools of southern Rajasthan from November 2018 to February 2019.The data was obtained by interview method using pretested questionnaire which included socio-demographic factors, the hygienic practices and occurrence of diseases as dichotomous questions. The association of the attributes was tested through Chi-square test, correlation and regression techniques.Results: Only 22% students scored above 75% and were categorized as good practioners of personal hygiene. The age of students, parents literacy, and household income were significantly associated with personal hygiene. The common morbidities like head lice and dental caries were found gender sensitive in the study area. The negative association between disease score and personal hygiene score implied that the disease burden of children can be minimized with higher personal hygiene practices.Conclusions: Systematic efforts to sensitize school children and parents about importance of personal hygiene, improvement in parental literacy coupled with economic empowerment of rural families can help to enhance the status of personal hygiene of students and thereby drastic reduction in their disease burden.
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Background: Government of India has launched ‘Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya’ initiative in 2014, with emphasis on promoting safe and hygiene practices among school children. Providing easy access to hygiene and health education regarding personal hygiene is a simple and cost effective tool for prevention and control of hygiene related health problems including skin diseases. Objectives of the study were to assess the personal hygiene practices of primary school children and to find out the skin diseases related to personal hygiene practices.Methods: The study was conducted among 12 primary schools in an urban poor locality. The availability of hygiene facilities in all the schools was noted. The hygiene practices among the children were collected using pre-designed, semi-structured proforma and clinical examination was done to find out skin diseases among them. Subsequently, all school children were given health education regarding correct hygiene practices. The data was analysed using mean, percentages and Chi-square test.Results: The study included 1404 students. Among them 40.7% took bath daily, 53.7% wore washed undergarments, uniform and socks daily, 56.5% had trimmed nails and 76.7% washed hands with soap and water before eating and after using toilet. On examination, 475 (33.8%) had skin diseases like pityriasis alba (13.2%), pediculosis capitis (12.3%), pyoderma (4.6%) and others. There was significant association between skin diseases and hygiene practices (p<0.001).Conclusions: Improper hygiene practices were associated with skin diseases. Therefore, regular social and behavioural change communication activities on hygiene practices has to be imparted for school children to prevent related skin diseases.
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Objective: The study's goal has been to assess the completion of the bed-bath procedure and the main care provided by the nursing team before, during and after it. Methods: It is a cross-sectional and observational study that was carried out in the Intensive Critical Unit of a teaching hospital with the participation of eight nurse technicians. Data collection was performed through an instrument structured type checklists over 30 times of observation from 1,080 actions. Results: There were observed 10 care before and 28 during and after bed-bath procedures. The bath was carried out technically without prior notice, without considering the individuality and privacy of patients, especially those undergoing mechanical ventilation. There was no participation of nurses and most of the actions taken by the nursing staff did not meet the literature recommendations. Conclusions: There is need to improving the quality of bed-bath procedures performed by the nursing team and adoption of evidence-based practices in the care process
Objetivo: Avaliar o processo de realização do banho no leito e os cuidados realizados pela equipe de enfermagem antes, durante e após o banho no leito. Métodos: estudo transversal e observacional, realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um Hospital/Escola, com oito técnicos de enfermagem. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado instrumento estruturado tipo checklists em 30 momentos de observação de 1080 ações. Resultados: foram observados 10 cuidados antes e 28 durante e após o banho no leito. O banho foi realizado de forma automática sem comunicação prévia, sem considerar a individualidade e privacidade do paciente, principalmente naqueles submetidos a ventilação mecânica. Não houve participação do enfermeiro e a maioria das ações realizadas pela equipe de enfermagem não atendeu às recomendações da literatura. Conclusões: há necessidade de melhoria da qualidade do banho no leito realizado pela enfermagem e adoção de práticas baseadas em evidências no processo de cuidar
Objetivo: Evaluar el proceso de finalización del baño de la cama y los principales cuidados que proporciona el personal de enfermería antes, durante y después del baño en la cama. Métodos: Transversal, observacional realizado en la UCI de un hospital / escuela con ocho técnicos de enfermería. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó instrumento de tipo estructurado listas de control 30 veces observación de 1080 la acción. Resultados: en el 10 y 28 de atención médica antes durante y después del baño en la cama. El baño se llevó a cabo técnicamente sin previo aviso, sin tener en cuenta la individualidad y la privacidad de los pacientes, especialmente aquellos sometidos a ventilación mecánica. No hubo participación de las enfermeras y la mayoría de las acciones llevadas a cabo por el personal de enfermería no cumplía con las recomendaciones de la literatura. Conclusiones: Existe la necesidad de mejorar la calidad de baño de la cama llevada a cabo por la enfermería y la adopción de prácticas basadas en la evidencia en el proceso de atención
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Humans , Male , Female , Baths/nursing , Baths/standards , Licensed Practical Nurses/education , Intensive Care Units , Hygiene/standards , Critical Care Nursing , Nursing CareABSTRACT
Background: Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play an important role in the increased burden of communicable diseases in developing countries. The aim and objectives of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices related to prevention of parasitic infestations among school children in an urban area of Kancheepuram district. Formulation of suitable preventive measures based on the inferences derived from the study.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on school children belonging to standard sixth to eighth of Sree Lakshmi Ammal school, Chrompet. The study period was from August 1st to 4th 2018. The sample size obtained was 210. Convenient sampling method was used to collect the sample. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data regarding knowledge, attitude and practices related to prevention of parasitic infestations among school children. Assessment of personal hygiene was done by scoring system. Data entry was done in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and data was analysed by SPSS version 22.Results: Total number of children participated in the present study were 210. Among the children participated in the present study, 92.4% of children had a good knowledge of personal hygiene, 96.7% of children had a positive attitude towards personal hygiene and 81.4% of children had a good practice of personal hygiene.Conclusions: Nearly half of the children involved in the study practised open defecation, so they should be given proper health education regarding usage of sanitary latrines
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Background: Orphan’s children are vulnerable and neglected group in the society and are more prone to malnutrition. Aim is to assess the nutritional status, personal hygiene and demographic details of the children living in different orphanages in Bhubaneswar city.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the children of age group 6 to 14 years in the selected orphanages in Bhubaneswar from October 2015 to March 2016 using two stage stratified cluster random sample to select the orphanages and simple random sample to select study subjects. A pretested predesigned schedule was used to collect information regarding personal hygiene practices, anthropometric measurements of the children were taken and WHO reference growth charts were used to assess nutritional status. Pearson Chi-Square test was used to determine the association between personal hygiene and nutritional status.Results: Out of 210 children, majority 57.7% were malnourished, 53.3% were stunted and malnutrition was higher among the boys than girls whereas the personal hygiene practices scores were better in girls than boys. Our study revealed a significant association between nutritional status and poor personal hygiene (p<0.05).Conclusions: Malnutrition is highly prevalent in children living in orphanages and needs to be addressed. Nutritional status should be monitored regularly, which helps in early identification and timely intervention and this will improve nutritional status of children living in orphanages.
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Background: Almost 2.5 billion people don’t have the access to clean toilet globally. In 2011 sanitation coverage globally was 64%. While open defecation is declining across the globe, 15% (one billion) of the global population still defecate outdoors. OFD practices are associated with transmission of variety of infectious diseases. This study was conducted to understand the nature of defecation practices with respect to hygiene in a tribal community.Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted among patients attending out-patient department of a rural health training center from a nearby tribal area, Thane district, Maharashtra which is a field practice area of rural health training centre of Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai.Results: Majority of the subjects practiced open field defecation (67%), followed by 18% subjects used household latrines and 15% used community based latrines. Majority of the study participants practiced open field defecation in agriculture fields (81%), while 44% preferred nearby water source as a site for defecation.Conclusions: The sanitary condition in the study area was poor. Rural areas with better literacy seems to have lower open field defecation prevalence and higher percentages of sanitary latrine usage.
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Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do banho no leito descartável sobre a carga microbiana da pele de pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Ensaio clínico paralelo, randomizado em grupo intervenção (banho no leito descartável) e grupo controle (banho no leito convencional), realizado em Hospital Público de São Paulo, Brasil, de novembro de 2014 a dezembro de 2015. Participaram deste estudo pacientes hospitalizados, adultos e idosos, acamados e dependentes do procedimento. Bag Bath® foi o produto avaliado. Resultados: A carga microbiana nos grupos de seguimento: intervenção (20 pacientes) reduziu, enquanto a no controle (20 pacientes) aumentou significantemente (p<0,001). Estimou-se em 90% a eficácia do produto para banho de leito descartável, comparada à de 20% do banho no leito convencional. Conclusão: A eficácia do produto avaliado foi 4,5 vezes maior sobre a carga microbiana da pele de pacientes hospitalizados, quando comparada à do banho no leito convencional, sinalizando à Enfermagem a necessidade de revisar esse procedimento.
Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia del baño en cama descartable respecto de la carga microbiana en la piel de pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Ensayo clínico paralelo, randomizado en grupo intervención (baño en cama descartable) y grupo control (baño en cama convencional), realizado en Hospital Público de São Paulo, Brasil, de noviembre 2014 a diciembre 2015. Participaron pacientes hospitalizados, adultos y ancianos, en cama y dependientes del procedimiento. El producto evaluado fue Bag Bath®. Resultados: La carga microbiana de los grupos en seguimiento: intervención (20 pacientes) se redujo, mientras que control (20 pacientes) aumentó significativamente (p<0,001). Se estimó la eficacia del producto para baño en cama descartable en 90%, en tanto que fue del 20% en la cama convencional. Conclusión: La eficacia del producto evaluado fue 4,5 veces mayor sobre la carga microbiana de la piel de pacientes hospitalizados, comparada con baño en cama convencional, determinando Enfermería la necesidad de revisar dicho procedimiento.
Abstract Objective: To assess the effectiveness of bag bath on inpatient skin microbial load. Methods: This was a parallel, randomized clinical trial with an intervention group (bag bath) and a control group (conventional bed bath), conducted in a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, from November 2014 to December 2015. The participants were adult and older inpatients, bedridden and depending on the procedure. The product assessed was Bag Bath®. Results: The microbial load decreased in the intervention group (20 patients), while it increased significantly (p < 0.001) in the control group (20 patients). The estimated efficacy of the product for bag bath was 90%, compared with 20% for the conventional bed bath. Conclusion: The product assessed was 4.5 times more effective to decrease the inpatient skin microbial load when compared with the conventional bed bath, suggesting the need for nursing teams to re-evaluate this procedure.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Skin/microbiology , Baths , Cross Infection , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , Wet Wipes , Inpatients , Nursing Care , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Introduction: the recent enhancement of interest in green consumerism has given rise to a renewed scientiï¬c awareness towards essential oils. Essential oil from Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. (B. trimera) (Asteraceae) is cited as one of the ten most consumed oils by the cosmetic and other industries in Brazil. Objective: to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the leaves of B. trimera against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 7468 and Corynebacterium xerosis IAL105, which are the main bacteria responsible for bad perspiration odor. Methods: the gas chromatography (GC) analysis was performed and the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by means of the turbidimetric method, using a microdilution assay. Results: ywenty constituents were identified, being that ß-pinene (23.4 percent) was the major compound found. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the essential oil ranged from 500 µg/mL to 1,000 µg/mL. A detrimental effect of the essential oil was observed on the morphology of cell membranes of the bacteria studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Conclusions: the results demonstrate the essential oil of B. trimera has potential in the application of antimicrobial agents in personal care products(AU)
Introducción: el reciente aumento del interés por el consumo verde ha dado lugar a una renovada conciencia científica hacia a los aceites esenciales. El aceite esencial de Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. (B. trimera) (Asteraceae) es considerado uno de los diez aceites más consumidos por la industria cosmética del Brasil. Objetivos: valorar la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de hojas de B. trimera frente al Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 7468 y Corynebacterium xerosis IAL105, que son las principales bacterias responsables del mal olor que es consecuencia de la transpiración. Métodos: se realizó la cromatografía de gases (GG) y la actividad antimicrobiana fué valorada por el método turbidimétrico, usando el ensayo de microdilución. Resultados: se identificarón veinte constituyentes, siendo el ß-pineno (23,4 por ciento) el principal compuesto encontrado. Los valores de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) del aceite esencial variaron de 500 µg/mL a 1,000 µg/mL. Se observó un efecto perjudicial del aceite esencial en la morfología de las membranas celulares de las bacterias estudiadas por microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Conclusión: los resultados demuestran que el aceite esencial de B. trimera tiene potencial en la aplicación de los agentes antimicrobianos en productos de higiene personal(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Plants, Medicinal , Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Baccharis , Products with Antimicrobial Action , Microscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning/methods , BrazilABSTRACT
Background: From 1993, civil servants in Cameroon were subjected to a new working schedule, according to which, work starts every working day from 7.30am to 3.30pm with a short lunch break from 12 noon to 1.00pm. However, this new regulation was not accompanied by effective measures such as the creation of formal eating houses or canteens to ensure the provision of services that could satisfy the food needs of workers. Consequently, there has been a development and concentration of informal food vendors around public offices. While street foods are an important source of ready-to-eat nutritious, low-cost meals for the urban poor, the health risk posed by such foods may outweigh their benefits. Objective: This study aims at assessing personal hygiene and health status of vendors involved in informal sales of food in Yaoundé. Methods: In this cross-sectional epidemiological design, 837 food vendors were investigated through medical examinations notably stools analysis for ova and cysts of parasites. Questionnaires were also administered to the vendors. The vendors were selected from within the three main places in the city where people congregate: schools, market places, and government ministries/office. Results: The personal hygiene of a majority of street-food vendors in Yaoundé (87, 1%) is of low and this is reflected on their health status because among the 837 food vendors enrolled in the study, 379 were found infected with one or more faeco-orally transmissible parasites, a 45% prevalence rate. Conclusion: There is the need to improve the personal hygiene of food vendors in Cameroon in order to reduce the prevalence of food-related diseases. This can be done through adequate sensitization programmes on personal and food hygiene and the development of food handling policies.